UFE is ideal for women experiencing moderate to severe symptoms caused by uterine fibroids who wish to avoid traditional surgery. It is especially suited for:

• Women not responding to medications
• Those seeking a uterus-sparing alternative to hysterectomy
• Women who are not good candidates for surgical procedures
• Patients with multiple fibroids or fibroids that are difficult to reach surgically
• Women nearing menopause for whom permanent fertility may not be a primary concern

However, women who want to become pregnant in the future should approach UFE with caution. Although successful pregnancies have occurred post-UFE, there is a slightly higher risk of miscarriage, placental problems, and postpartum hemorrhage. For those prioritizing fertility, a myomectomy might be a more suitable option.

The patient will undergo a comprehensive evaluation, including MRI or ultrasound imaging, to assess the size and location of the fibroids.

• The healthcare provider will review medical history, medications, allergies, and discuss fertility goals.
• If necessary, a biopsy may be taken to rule out other conditions.
• The patient will be instructed to stop eating and drinking at least 6 hours before the procedure.
• A pregnancy test is usually administered, as X-ray exposure can be harmful to a fetus.

UFE is typically performed on an outpatient basis, meaning most patients can return home the same day. However, some may choose to stay overnight depending on their condition or pain tolerance.

• The patient will lie on an examination table and receive sedative and intravenous (IV) antibiotics to prevent infection.
• Local anesthesia will be administered to numb the area—either near the groin (femoral artery) or wrist (radial artery), depending on what the doctor recommends.
• A tiny incision is made, and a catheter is inserted into the artery. Fluoroscopy (live X-ray imaging) and contrast dye are used to guide the catheter to the uterine arteries.
• Once in position, tiny particles (about the size of sand grains and made of medical-grade plastic or gelatin) are injected through the catheter.
• These particles block blood flow to the fibroids, depriving them of oxygen and nutrients.
• The catheter is then removed, and pressure is applied to stop any bleeding at the puncture site.

The procedure typically takes 60 to 90 minutes. Because the fibroids are no longer receiving blood, they begin to shrink and die off over the following weeks to months.

The UFE procedure typically lasts 1 to 1.5 hours, with additional time needed for preparation and post-procedure monitoring.

Most people can leave the hospital within a few hours after a uterine fibroid embolization. Some other things to expect afterward include:

• Pain medication and antibiotics may be prescribed for home use.
• Watery or mucus-like vaginal discharge can persist for several weeks.
• Pelvic pain, cramps, and discomfort may continue for up to two weeks.

Most people are able to return to regular activities within 7–10 days, though fatigue may last longer. Up to 90% of patients resume normal routines within 10 days of the procedure. Patients treated through the groin may need longer hospital recovery to monitor the puncture site, while those treated through the wrist can often walk and recover more quickly.

It’s common to temporarily miss menstrual cycles. When periods resume, they may be lighter at first, gradually increasing but usually remaining improved compared to pre-procedure levels. For fibroid treatment, symptom relief typically begins within 2–3 weeks.

In some cases, fibroid tissue may be passed vaginally. Most fibroids shrink over time and stop causing symptoms, even if they remain attached to the uterine wall. Significant symptom improvement is usually noticeable within three months, with full relief often seen by six months post-procedure.

• Keep the groin incision clean and dry once you are home. Follow your provider’s instructions for bathing.
• If adhesive strips were applied, keep them dry. They will typically fall off on their own in a few days.
• Use only the pain medications recommended by your provider. Avoid aspirin or similar medications unless approved, as they can increase bleeding risk.
• Light walking is usually encouraged, but avoid strenuous activities until your provider gives the all-clear.
• Stay hydrated and eat a fiber-rich diet to help prevent constipation. Straining during bowel movements can interfere with healing. A mild laxative may be recommended if needed.

Watch for any signs of complications and contact your provider if you experience:

• Fever or chills
• Redness, swelling, or unusual discharge from the incision site
• Increased pain near the incision
• Abdominal cramping, pain, or swelling
• Heavy vaginal bleeding or passage of tissue or unusual fluid

A follow-up appointment is usually scheduled 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure.

Your provider may order imaging tests such as an ultrasound or MRI about 6 months later to evaluate the outcome of the procedure.